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The Vatican Gardens ((イタリア語:Giardini Vaticani)) in Vatican City are private urban gardens and parks which cover more than half of the country, located in the west of the territory. There are some buildings, such as Radio Vatican, within the gardens. The gardens cover approximately which is most of the Vatican Hill. The highest point is above mean sea level. Stone walls bound the area in the North, South and West. The gardens and parks were established during the Renaissance and Baroque era and are decorated with fountains and sculptures. There are several springs under the earth which as of 2009 are not in use. There is a wide variety of flora, and the area is considered a biotope. There is no general public access, but guided tours are available to limited numbers.〔(Vatican Gardens Tour - Vatican Museum Rome )〕 ==History== Tradition says that the site of the Vatican Gardens was spread with earth brought from Golgotha by Saint Helena〔〔Patron saint of archaeologists〕 to symbolically unite the blood of Christ with that shed by thousands of early Christians, who died in the persecutions of Nero.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=MO Plants: ''Vatican Gardens'' ) Archived: 8 March 2012.〕 The gardens date back to medieval times when orchards and vineyards extended to the north of the Papal Apostolic Palace.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Al Pellegrino Cattolico: ''The Vatican Gardens'' )〕 In 1279, Pope Nicholas III (Giovanni Gaetano Orsini, 1277–1280) moved his residence back to the Vatican from the Lateran Palace and enclosed this area with walls.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Official Vatican City State Website: ''A Visit to the Vatican Gardens'' )〕 He planted an orchard ''(pomerium)'', a lawn ''(pratellum)'' and a garden ''(viridarium)''.〔 The site received a major re-landscaping at the beginning of the 16th century,〔 during the papacy of Julius II.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=''Vatican Gardens'' )〕 Donato Bramante's original design was then split into three new courtyards,〔 the ''Cortili del Belvedere'', the ''"della Biblioteca"'' and the ''"della Pigna"'' (or ''Pine Cone'')〔〔 in the Renaissance landscape design style. Also in Renaissance style, a great rectangular Labyrinth, formal in design, set in boxwood and framed with Italian stone pines, ''(Pinus pinea)'' and cedars of Lebanon, ''(Cedrus libani)''.〔 In place of Nicholas III's enclosure, Bramante built a great rectilinear defensive wall.〔 Today's Vatican Gardens are spread over nearly , they contain a variety of medieval fortifications, buildings and monuments from the 9th century to the present day, set among vibrant flower beds and topiary, green lawns and a patch of forest. There are a variety of fountains cooling the gardens, sculptures, an artificial grotto devoted to Our Lady of Lourdes, and an olive tree donated by the government of Israel. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gardens of Vatican City」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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